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What version of the OT did Yah'shua preach?
Posted by Lev/Christopher on September 28, 2009 at 6:28pm in Bible Versions & MSS
My friends and I recently began meeting Wed nights for Bible study. We decided to start with the basics: the validity of the Scriptures. Before we tackle the NT, we wanted to research what version of the OT Jesus preached. It seems there are three possibilities: the Pentateuch, the Hebrew Bible (containing the Pentateuch), and the Septuagint (Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible containing the Apocrypha). It was frustrating and disappointing to see that there is almost no discussion of this fundamental issue on the internet. I'm hoping you can share your views with us via email or telephone.
Tsiyon Answer:
Y'shua, like all first century Jews, used various versions of the Tanakh (or Tanach), the Hebrew Scriptures ("Old Testament"). These Jewish Scriptures consist of three divisions - the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings/Psalms.
The books of the Tanakh in each division are as follows:
The Torah ("The Law")
1. Genesis - Bereshith
2. Exodus - Shemot
3. Leviticus - Vayikra
4. Numbers - Bamidbar
5. Deuteronomy - Devarim
The Prophets (Neviim)
6. Joshua - Y'hoshua
7. Judges - Shophtim
8. Samuel (I & II) - Sh'muel
9. Kings (I & II) - M'lakhim
10. Isaiah - Y'shayahu
11. Jeremiah - Yir'mi'yahu
12. Ezekiel - Y'khezqel
13. The Twelve Prophets
a. Hosea - Hoshea
b. Joel - Yo'el
c. Amos - Amos
d. Obadiah - Ovadyah
e. Jonah - Yonah
f. Micah - Mikhah
g. Nahum - Nakhum
h. Habakkuk - Havakuk
i. Zephaniah - Ts'phanyah
j. Haggai - Khagai
k. Zechariah - Z'kharyah
l. Malachi - Mal'akhi
The Writings/Psalms (Kethubim)
The "Sifrei Emet" - "Books of Truth"
14. Psalms - Tehilim
15. Proverbs - Mishlei
16. Job - Iyov
The "Five Megilot" - "Five Scrolls"
17. Song of Songs - Shir Hashirim
18. Ruth - Rut
19. Lamentations - Eikhah
20. Ecclesiastes - Kohelet
21. Esther - Esther
The rest of the "Writings"
22. Daniel - Dani'el
23. Ezra-Nehemiah - Ezra v'Nekhemia
24. Chronicles (I & II) - Divrei Hayamim
NOTE: There are only 24 books because some of the books are combined as compared to the Christian Bible.
Y'shua confirms His use of the Tanakh in its three divisions in these words: "These are My words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things which are written about Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled." (Luke 24:44)
Sometimes the entire Tanakh is also spoken of in the Gospels in two divisions, The Law and The Prophets, as in these verses: Matthew 5:17, 11:13, Luke 16:16, John 1:45.
Now to the Question: Did Y'shua/Jesus Use A Specific Tanakh version?
Three main versions of Scripture were available in those days. Y'shua quoted and freely paraphrased from all three versions.
1. The proto-Masoretic Hebrew text
In Mark 13:8 Y'shua warns that in days ahead "nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom." This phrase is reminiscent of Isa 19:2 in the Hebrew, which reads: "city against city, kingdom against kingdom." This is different than the Septuagint, which says: "city against city, province against province."
2. The Greek Septuagint Translation
Matt 11:5, Mark 7:6-7 and 9:12, to mention a few, reflect the Septuagint or a Hebrew version similar to it.
3. The Aramaic Targumim
There are multiple quotations where the words of Y'shua most closely match the Targumim. For example, in Mark 4:12 Y'shua paraphrases Isa 6:9-10 with the concluding phrase "and it be forgiven them." Only the Isaiah Targum is phrased in this manner.
Conclusion:
Y'shua and His Talmidim/Disciples had various excellent Scripture versions and resources available to them and they were fully conversant in all of them and brought all of them into service of the Kingdom of Messiah. Likewise, we do well to use the best Scripture versions and resources available to us today in service of the Kingdom.
http://tsiyon.org/newsletter/archive/2009/08_21_09_vol_4_34_tsiyon_...
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